T hem orphologica l deve lopment ofM asson pine indicates that the flower tmi ing and number ofm ale flow ers areclosely related to the location, latitude, so il condition, seed source and age ofMasson pine trees. These factors should betaken under consideration in the course of plann ing and establishing a pine pollen production base. T hemorphological developm ent ofM asson pinemale flowers lasts from earlyOctober to the end of nextM arch, which can be div ided into 5 phases, namely w inter buds, flower buds, color chang ing, m aturity and pollen scattering. The surface of sma ller strobiliw ith inthe co lor changing turns from green to ye llow, suggest ing the gradual ripening of pollens. The period betw een color chang ing and pollen scattering is the best tmi e for pollen harvest. Them ain ways o fpo llen co llect ion at present are beating tw igsand picking spikes off trees. In long term s, techniques of pine po llen production and m anagem ent shou ld be perfected bydw arfing trees and innovat ing pollen co llection m ethods.

通过对成熟花粉扫描电镜观察,探明了马尾松等12个松属树种(含3个变种)花粉的基本形态特征,各树种花粉由本体与气囊组成的轮廓形态基本一致,是属于具气囊的“松型”花粉类型。各松种花粉气囊具网纹,本体帽壁外表具有形态各异的雕纹。花粉粒大小存在差异,各树种花粉粒全长平均大的达54. 3μm,小的为41. 5μm;单粒花粉全长最大为67μm,最小为35μm。花粉粒大小与雕纹形态性状较稳定,可以用于各松种之间鉴别不同花粉的主要依据。

印度谷螟是松花粉的重要仓储害虫,为有效控制仓储害虫,确保产品质量安全,进行了干燥、过筛、灭菌及破壁等松花粉产品主要工艺过程防控印度谷螟的试验。结果表明:在松花粉产品加工流程中,采用180目以上筛网过筛,49 ℃、120 min加温干燥,12 kGy 60Coγ辐照灭菌,机械破壁或压片成型,7 g·m-3、6.5 h硫酰氟熏蒸或-8 ℃、24 h冷冻贮藏等任一工艺处理,都能防杀印度谷螟卵或幼虫。各措施组合应用能有效防控印度谷螟侵入或危害,且经济、实用和安全。